We receive example model with the probable reason why you're getting this error.

When you check your association (double click on "nextTest" caption), you will see that alias for inverse entity is missing:

Doctrine2 uses aliases to describe owner/inverse side of association and without inverse alias there is no way how to export the association definition pointing from inverse owner side to inverse side.
When you enter aliases correctly:

ORM Designer exports your association in correct way:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<doctrine-mapping xmlns="http://doctrine-project.org/schemas/orm/doctrine-mapping" xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" schemaLocation="http://doctrine-project.org/schemas/orm/doctrine-mapping.xsd">
<entity name="Task">
<id name="task_id" type="integer">
<generator strategy="AUTO"/>
</id>
<field name="name" type="string" length="255" nullable="true"/>
<one-to-one field="nextTask" target-entity="Task" inversed-by="nextTask">
<join-columns>
<join-column name="next_task_id" referenced-column-name="task_id" nullable="false" unique="true"/>
</join-columns>
</one-to-one>
<one-to-one field="previousTask" target-entity="Task" mapped-by="nextTask"/>
</entity>
</doctrine-mapping>
instead of original invalid
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<doctrine-mapping xmlns="http://doctrine-project.org/schemas/orm/doctrine-mapping" xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" schemaLocation="http://doctrine-project.org/schemas/orm/doctrine-mapping.xsd">
<entity name="Task">
<id name="task_id" type="integer">
<generator strategy="AUTO"/>
</id>
<field name="name" type="string" length="255" nullable="true"/>
<one-to-one field="nextTask" target-entity="Task"/>
</entity>
</doctrine-mapping>
You always need to enter alias leading to inverse entity, it's a primary direction. When you do that, you will get one-way association. If you enter also alias leading to owner entity, you will get two-way association.
Unfortunately it isn't possible to enter alias only to owner entity, because Doctrine2 stores all necessary information in direction OwnerEntity->InverseEntity.
I hope this post helps to clarify your questions.